Wild Horse Resources

Web Resources

• BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program
• Development of Visual Database Protocols and Applications for Inventory and Monitoring
• Exploring the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range
• Little Book Cliffs Herd Management Area
• Pryor Mountain Mustangs
• Public Law 92-195, The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971
• WHIMS User’s Manual
• WHIMS Metadata¹

 

Selected Publications

USGS

Bartholow, J.M. 2004. An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1199. Fort Collins, CO: USGS Fort Collins Science Center. 33 p.

Bartholow, J. 2007. Economic benefit of fertility control in wild horse populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2811-2819. [Updates the 2004 report, above. For a copy, please contact Butch Roelle at roelleb@usgs.gov]

Lubow, B.C., and J.I. Ransom. 2007. Aerial population estimates of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the Adobe Town and Salt Wells Creek Herd Management Areas using an integrated simultaneous double-count and sightability bias correction technique. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1274. Fort Collins, CO: USGS Fort Collins Science Center. 13 p.

Osborn, R.G. 2004. WHIMS User's Manual. Web Report. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. 29 p.

Singer, F.J., and K.A. Schoenecker. 2000. Managers' summary—Ecological studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, 1992–1997. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, Midcontinent Ecological Science Center (now the Fort Collins Science Center). 131 p.

BLM

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey, and USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 2003 (Rev. 2005). Strategic Research Plan: Wild Horse and Burro Management. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Wild Horse and Burro Program. 45 pp.

General Reading

Berger, J. 1986. Wild horses of the Great Basin. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 326 p.

Dobie, J.F. (1952) 2005. The mustangs. Bison Books–University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE. 376 p.

Hansen, S. 1983. Roaming free: Wild horses of the American West. Northland Press, Flagstaff, AZ. 80 p.

Ryden, H. 2005.America's last wild horses. 30th anniversary ed. The Lyons Press, New York. 352 p.

Sponenberg, P.D., and B.V. Beaver. 1992. Horse color: A complete guide to horse coat colors. Breakthrough Publications, Emmaus, PA. 124 p.

Alternative Population Estimation Techniques

Borchers, D.L., W. Zucchini, R.M. Fewster. 1998. Mark-recapture models for line-transect surveys. Biometrics 54(4):1207-1220.

Bowden, D.L., and R.C. Kufeld. 1995. Generalized mark-resight population size estimation applied to Colorado moose. Journal of Wildlife Management 59(4):840-851.

Buckland, S.T., D.R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J.L. Laake, D.L. Borchers, and L. Thomas. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 432 p.

Graham, A., and R. Bell. 1989. Investigating observer bias in aerial surveys by simultaneous double-counts. Journal of Wildlife Management 53(4):1009-1016.

Guenzel, R.J. 1997. Estimating pronghorn abundance using aerial line transect surveys. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. 174 p.

Johnson, B.K., F.G. Lindzey, R.J. Guenzel. 1991. Use of aerial line transect surveys to estimate pronghorn populations in Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19(3):315-321.

Little, D.K., K. Grissom, R. Oyler, C. Barnes, S. Elefritz, J. Christensen, G. Acheson, L. Thomas, J. Herrert, R. Lee, A. Fuller, M. Pierce, and S. Kohnke. 1999. Report of the Arizona Burro Census Team. Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix, AZ. 19 p.

Quang, P.X., and E.F. Becker. 1997. Combining line transect and double-count sampling techniques for aerial surveys. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 2(2):230-242.

Samuel, M.D., E.O. Garton, M.W. Schlegal, and R.G. Carson. 1987. Visibility bias during aerial surveys of elk in northcentral Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:622-630.

Southwell, C., B. Mare, M. Underwood, F. Quartararo, and K. Cope. 2002. An automated system to log and process distance sight-resight aerial survey data. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30(2):394-404.

Trenkel, V.M., S.T. Buckland, C. McLean, and D.A. Elston. 1997. Evaluation of aerial line transect methodology for estimating red deer (Cervus elaphus) abundance in Scotland. Journal of Environmental Management 50(1):39-50.

Unsworth, J.W., F.A. Leban, D.J. Leptich, E.O. Garton, and P. Zager. 1994. Aerial survey: User’s manual (2nd ed.). Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID. 84 p.

Fertility Control in Mares

Kirkpatrick, J. 1995. Management of wild horses by fertility control: The Assateague experience. NPS Scientific Monograph No. 26. National Park Service, Denver, CO. 60 p.

Kirkpatrick, J.F., I.K.M. Liu, J.W. Turner, Jr., R. Naugle, and R. Keiper. 1992. Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 94:437-444.

Kirkpatrick, J.F., S.E. Shideler, and J.W. Turner, Jr. 1990. Pregnancy determinations in uncaptured feral horses based on free steroids in feces and steroidal metabolites in urine-soaked snow. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:2576-2579.

Kirkpatrick J.F., and A. Turner 2002. Reversibility of action and safety during pregnancy of immunizing against porcine zona pellucida in wild mares (Equus caballus). Reproduction (Suppl. 60):197-202.

Kirkpatrick, J.F., and J.W. Turner, Jr. 1991. Changes in herd stallions among feral horse bands and the absence of forced copulation and induced abortion. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29(3):217-219.

Kirkpatrick, J.F., J.W. Turner, Jr., and A. Perkins. 1982. Reversible fertility control in feral horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2:114-118.

Liu, I.K.M., M. Bernoco, and M. Feldman. 1989. Contraception in mares heteroimmunized with pig zonae pellucidae. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 85:19-29.

Powell, D.M. 1999. Preliminary evaluation of porcine zona pellucida (PZP), immunocontraception for behavioral effects in feral horses (Equus caballus). Journal of Animal Welfare Science 2:321-335.

Turner, A., and J.F. Kirkpatrick. 2002. Effects of immunocontraception on population, longevity and body condition in wild mares (Equus caballus). Reproduction (Suppl. 60):187-195.

Turner, J.W., Jr. 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002. Annual progress reports on USDI-BLM Assistance Agreement. Nevada Wild Horse Fertility Control Project, Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Genomics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH.

Turner, J.W., Jr., I.K.M. Liu, D.R. Flanagan, A.T. Rutberg, and J.F. Kirkpatrick. 2007. Immunocontraception in wild horses: one inoculation provides two years of infertility.  Journal of Wildlife Management 71:662-667.

¹WHIMS metadata were created according to Biological Data Profile standards.